Closed File 01 · NORJAK · 11.24.1971

The D. B. Cooper case

On November 24, 1971, a man calling himself Dan Cooper hijacked a plane between Portland and Seattle, collected $200,000, and parachuted into the forests of Washington. No one ever learned who he was. It remains the only unsolved airline hijacking in U.S. history.

The case in two minutes

It was the day before Thanksgiving. A man in a dark suit, in his mid-forties, paid cash for a one-way ticket on Northwest Orient Flight 305 from Portland to Seattle. He took a seat in the back row. Shortly after takeoff he handed a stewardess a note: he had a bomb in his briefcase.

He asked for $200,000 in twenties and four parachutes. In Seattle he traded the 36 passengers for the money and ordered the crew to fly south, slow and low, with the gear down. At about 8:13 p.m., somewhere over southwest Washington, he lowered the 727’s aft airstair and jumped into the rainy night.

The FBI searched for 45 years and considered more than 800 suspects. Only one solid clue ever surfaced: $5,800 of the ransom, buried on a bank of the Columbia River, found in 1980. In 2016 the Bureau stopped investigating. The file is still open.

Flight 305, hour by hour
  1. 2:50 p.m. Takes off from Portland.
  2. Shortly after A note to stewardess Florence Schaffner: a bomb in the briefcase.
  3. About 5:40 p.m. Lands in Seattle. Passengers exchanged for money and parachutes.
  4. 7:40 p.m. Takes off south with the crew and Cooper.
  5. 8:13 p.m. The tail jerks: the moment of the jump.
  6. 11:02 p.m. Lands in Reno. Cooper is gone.
Documents
The FBI’s final composite sketch, drawn by Roy Rose.
The FBI’s final composite sketch, drawn by Roy Rose.
The ticket: one way, Flight 305, issued to Dan Cooper. Twenty dollars, cash.
The ticket: one way, Flight 305, issued to Dan Cooper. Twenty dollars, cash.
Ransom bills found at Tena Bar in 1980.
Ransom bills found at Tena Bar in 1980.

FBI images, public domain.

Where he might have landed

Three zones calculated in fifty years, and no trace of Cooper. The airstair placard turned up in 1978; the money, in 1980, far from all of them.

45.5° N 46.0° N 123.0° W 122.5° W 122.0° W 1971 search area FBI estimate (1972) Later recalculation ↓ to Reno ↑ Seattle (Sea-Tac) Portland Vancouver Mount St. Helens Castle Rock Airstair placard (1978) Tena Bar: $5,800 (1980) Ariel · Lake Merwin La Center Washougal watershed Columbia River Interstate 5 Approx. route of Flight 305 (Victor 23) Interstate 5 Schematic. Not exactly to scale.
Still unexplained
  1. Who was “Dan Cooper”? None of the names put forward has stood up.
  2. Did he survive a night jump, in the rain, at 10,000 feet, in a business suit and dress shoes?
  3. How did $5,800 reach Tena Bar, bundled, banded, and years later?
  4. Why did he jump with a reserve parachute that could not open?
  5. Why did he take the name of a Belgian comic-book pilot never published in English?
The documentary

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The full dossier, free

The FBI bulletin, Flight 305 hour by hour, the ticket, the Tena Bar money, the tie, the parachutes, the suspects, and the nine questions the file can’t explain. Twelve pages, as a PDF, in your inbox.

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The hypothesis
Cover of The Passenger in the Back Row

Closed File 01

The Passenger in the Back Row

D. B. Cooper, the Man Who Never Existed

F. F. Crowe

The odd-numbered chapters reconstruct the NORJAK file without a single invented line. The even-numbered ones tell a possible explanation, declared as such, that accounts for everything the file left unexplained.